Spine Problems | Symptoms & Causes
What causes spine problems?
Spine problems can be:
- Congenital (present at birth)
- Neuromuscular (associated with a neuromuscular condition such as cerebral palsy or spina bifida)
- Idiopathic (definite cause unknown)
- The result of bone dysplasia (genetically abnormal bone growth)
- Related to metabolic conditions (internal body chemistry)
- Related to connective tissue disorders such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- Related to differences in leg lengths
- Related to spinal cord injury with paralysis
- Related to infections such as osteomyelitis
- Related to bone tumors
Spine Problems | Diagnosis & Treatments
How are spine problems diagnosed?
Most spinal problems are detected by a child’s parents or pediatrician or during a school screening. Once a spine problem is detected, doctors will use medical and family histories, physical exams, and diagnostic tests to determine the nature and extent of your child’s spinal condition. Testing can include:
- X-rays
- Computerized tomography scan (CT or CAT scan)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Blood tests
- Ultrasound (sonogram)
- Bone scans
- Bone density scans (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, DEXA, DXA)
- Pulmonary function tests
How are spine problems treated?
Treatment of spine conditions depends on the type, complexity, and severity of the condition. Some spine problems require surgery, while others can be resolved with non-surgical treatments.
Non-surgical options for spine problems
- Simple observation and monitoring: Once an abnormal spinal curve has been detected, it's important to monitor the curve during skeletal growth. Your child's spinal condition may need only close monitoring as your child grows. Your physician will determine your child's treatment plan and follow-up based on their X-rays and physical exams.
- Physical therapy: Some spinal problems are helped by physical therapy. The primary goal of physical therapy is to maximize a child’s physical functioning. Physical therapists work closely with spine specialists to provide exercise programs and other therapies to address the pain and muscular imbalance associated with a spinal abnormality.
What is the long-term outlook for children with spine problems?
The long-term outlook depends greatly on the nature and severity of the spinal condition, as well as the nature and severity of any underlying conditions. Most children with spine problems achieve full, normal function, normal appearance, and good general health.
How we care for spine problems
The Spine Division at Boston Children’s Hospital is the largest and busiest pediatric spine center in the United States. Our spine specialists see thousands of patients and perform hundreds of surgeries each year. We collaborate regularly with the Department of Neurosurgery to provide safe, customized care for even the most complex spine problems. For children with an injury or deformity of the neck or upper spine, Boston Children’s also offers the Complex Cervical Spine Program. Our Spine and Sports Program treats spine conditions and injuries that affect the young athlete.