Related Conditions and Treatments
Amniotic Band Syndrome
Condition
Amniotic band syndrome (constriction ring syndrome) happens when fibrous bands of the amniotic sac get tangled around a developing fetus.
Aortic Valve Stenosis
Condition
Aortic valve stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve that can stop blood from flowing properly out of the heart.
Bladder Exstrophy
Condition
Bladder exstrophy is a rare birth defect involving the urinary, reproductive, and intestinal tracts, as well as the musculoskeletal system.
Cervical Teratoma
Condition
A cervical teratoma is a very rare congenital tumor in the neck.
Chorioangioma
Condition
A chorioangioma is a benign (noncancerous) tumor of the placenta.
Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate
Condition
Cleft lip is a visible separation in the skin of the top lip. Cleft palate is incomplete development of the soft and/or hard palate.
Cloacal Anomalies
Condition
A cloacal anomaly is an anorectal malformation that occurs while a female fetus is developing in its mother's womb.
Clubfoot
Condition
Clubfoot is a congenital foot deformity in which the foot turns down and inward.
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH)
Condition
A congenital diaphragmatic hernia is when there’s a hole in the diaphragm — a thin layer of muscle and tissue that separates the chest and abdominal cavity.
Down Syndrome
Condition
Down syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by developmental delays and learning disability.
Epispadias
Condition
Epispadias occurs when the urethra (the tube through which a child urinates) fails to close normally.
Esophageal Atresia
Condition
Esophageal atresia (EA) is a rare birth defect in which a baby is born without part of the esophagus (the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach).
Fetal Anemia
Condition
Fetal anemia is when a fetus doesn’t have enough red blood cells or hemoglobin.
Fetal Cardiac Intervention
Treatment
A fetal cardiac intervention (FCI) is a needle- and catheter-based procedure guided by an ultrasound image that can help improve some life-threatening heart problems in a fetus.
Fetal Echocardiography
Treatment
Fetal echocardiography is an ultrasound test performed on a pregnant woman to evaluate the heart of her unborn baby.
Fetal Genetic Testing
Treatment
Fetal genetic testing offers valuable insights into potential health conditions, allowing for early intervention and care.
Fetal Lung Lesions
Condition
A fetal lung lesion is a mass or lump in the chest of a fetus.
Fetal Pleural Effusion
Condition
Fetal pleural effusion is the buildup of fluid in a fetus' chest, which can press on the lungs, heart, and main blood vessels.
Fetal Surgery
Treatment
Fetal surgery is the surgical treatment of a fetus with certain life-threatening congenital abnormalities.
Gastroschisis
Condition
Gastroschisis is an opening in the abdominal wall that appears during fetal development.
Hydronephrosis
Condition
Hydronephrosis isn’t a specific diagnosis. Instead, it’s a finding that shows that urine is overfilling the kidney.
Hydrops Fetalis
Condition
Hydrops fetalis — or hydrops — is when large amounts of fluid build up in a baby’s tissues and organs, causing extensive swelling.
Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction (LUTO)
Condition
Lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) is when the fetus can’t normally and routinely empty its bladder.
Lymphatic Malformation
Condition
A lymphatic malformation is a sponge-like collection of abnormal growths that contain clear fluid.
Neural Tube Defects
Condition
Neural tube defects happen when the tube fails to close completely before birth.
Noonan Syndrome
Condition
Noonan syndrome is a genetic condition that can affect many different areas of the body and development.
Omphalocele
Condition
An omphalocele is a congenital abnormality in which some of the abdominal organs of an infant protrude through an opening in the muscles near the umbilical cord.
Prenatal Ultrasound
Treatment
A prenatal ultrasound scan is a diagnostic technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create an image of your fetus.
Robin Sequence
Condition
Robin sequence (aka Pierre Robin sequence) is a combination of facial differences that are present at birth.
Sacrococcygeal Teratoma (SCT)
Condition
A sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a rare tumor that develops at the base of the spine.
Selective Fetal Growth Restriction (sFGR)
Condition
Learn more about selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR) from Boston Children’s Hospital.
Spina Bifida
Condition
Spina bifida occurs when the brain, spinal cord, or the membranes that cover them (meninges) do not completely develop.
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
Condition
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a serious congenital heart defect where the heart’s anatomy prevents enough oxygen-poor (blue) blood from flowing to the lungs to receive oxygen.
Twin Anemia Polycythemia Sequence (TAPS)
Condition
Twin anemia polycythemia sequence (TAPS) is when one twin (the donor twin) pumps too much blood to the other (the recipient twin).
Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion (TRAP)
Condition
Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) occurs in identical twin pregnancies when one twin has an absent or non-functioning heart and receives all of its blood from the normally functioning and developing pump twin.
Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS)
Condition
Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a problem where one fetus — the donor twin — pumps blood to the other fetus — the recipient twin.
Ureterocele
Condition
Ureteroceles are birth defects that occur in approximately 1 out of every 2,000 babies.
Vasa Previa
Condition
Vasa previa is an uncommon pregnancy complication where unprotected blood vessels from the placenta pass over or near the cervix.
Vein of Galen Malformation (VOGM)
Condition
A vein of Galen malformation (VOGM) is a type of rare blood vessel abnormality inside the brain.