Related Conditions and Treatments
Acute Kidney Injury
Condition
Acute kidney injury is when a child’s kidneys suddenly stop working from an infections, disruption of blood flow, surgery, or exposure to medications.
Androgen Insensitivity
Condition
Androgen insensitivity is a rare genetic condition that blocks the body from using male hormones during fetal growth and after birth.
Bedwetting (Nocturnal Enuresis)
Condition
Nocturnal enuresis, better known as bedwetting, occurs when a sleeping child cannot hold his or her urine at night.
Bladder Augmentation
Treatment
Bladder augmentation is a complex reconstructive surgical procedure to increase the size of the organ and to improve its ability to stretch.
Bladder Exstrophy
Condition
Bladder exstrophy is a rare birth defect involving the urinary, reproductive, and intestinal tracts, as well as the musculoskeletal system.
Circumcision
Treatment
Circumcision is a surgical procedure to remove the skin covering the end of the penis, called the foreskin.
Cloacal Anomalies
Condition
A cloacal anomaly is an anorectal malformation that occurs while a female fetus is developing in its mother's womb.
Cloacal Exstrophy
Condition
Cloacal exstrophy, also known as OEIS syndrome, occurs when a portion of the large intestine lies outside of the body.
Daytime Wetting (Enuresis)
Condition
Enuresis is the medical term for involuntary urination, or “wetting.”
Duplex Collecting System
Condition
A child has a duplex collecting system when a kidney has two ureters rather than one.
Epispadias
Condition
Epispadias occurs when the urethra (the tube through which a child urinates) fails to close normally.
Fetal Surgery
Treatment
Fetal surgery is the surgical treatment of a fetus with certain life-threatening congenital abnormalities.
Horseshoe Kidney
Condition
Horseshoe kidney is a condition in which the kidneys are fused together at the lower end or base.
Hydrocele
Condition
A hydrocele is fluid around the testicles that presents as painless scrotal swelling.
Hydronephrosis
Condition
Hydronephrosis isn’t a specific diagnosis. Instead, it’s a finding that shows that urine is overfilling the kidney.
Hypospadias
Condition
In hypospadias, the opening of a boy’s urethra is located under the penis rather than at the tip.
Inguinal Hernia
Condition
An inguinal hernia is a hernia that occurs in the groin area.
Kidney Stones
Condition
Kidney stones are small, hard deposits of mineral and acid salts formed within the urinary tract.
Kidney Transplant
Treatment
A kidney transplant is an operation performed to replace an end-stage kidney with a healthy one.
Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction (LUTO)
Condition
Lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) is when the fetus can’t normally and routinely empty its bladder.
Megaureter
Condition
Megaureter is the medical term for an enlarged ureter.
Minimally Invasive Surgery
Treatment
Minimally invasive surgery is surgery done through small incisions using miniaturized surgical tools and cameras or telescopes.
Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney
Condition
Multicystic dysplastic kidney is a condition in which the kidney has been essentially replaced by multiple cysts.
Nephrectomy
Treatment
A nephrectomy is a surgical procedure to remove a kidney that is diseased or not functioning properly.
Neurogenic Bladder
Condition
Neurogenic bladder is a urinary tract dysfunction in which the bladder doesn’t empty, properly due to a neurological condition or spinal cord injury.
Noonan Syndrome
Condition
Noonan syndrome is a genetic condition that can affect many different areas of the body and development.
Percutaneous Nephrostomy
Treatment
A percutaneous nephrostomyis performed when there is blockage or obstruction in the part of the urinary tract draining the urine between the kidneys and bladder.
Phimosis and Paraphimosis
Condition
Phimosis is a constriction of the opening of the foreskin so that it cannot be drawn back over the tip of the penis. Paraphimosis occurs when the foreskin is retracted behind the corona (or crown) of the penis and cannot be returned to the unretracted position.
Posterior Urethral Valves
Condition
Urethral valves occur when a boy is born with extra flaps of tissue that have grown in his urethra.
Radionuclide Cystogram (RNC)
Treatment
A radionuclide cystogram, known as an RNC, is a diagnostic imaging exam that determines if your child has vesicoureteral reflux.
Renal Artery Stenosis
Condition
Renal artery stenosis is when one or more of the vessels carrying blood to the kidneys become narrowed.
Renal MAG3 Scan
Treatment
A renal MAG3 scan is a nuclear medicine test that allows doctors to see your child’s kidneys and learn more about how they are functioning.
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Condition
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a cancerous tumor that grows in the body's soft tissues.
Spina Bifida
Condition
Spina bifida occurs when the brain, spinal cord, or the membranes that cover them (meninges) do not completely develop.
Spinal Cord Injury
Condition
A spinal cord injury is any damage to the spinal cord that is caused by trauma, rather than a birth defect or medical condition.
Testicular Torsion
Condition
Testicular torsion, sometimes referred to as torsion of the spermatic cord, is a twisting of the spermatic cord that cuts off the blood supply to the testicle.
Testicular Tumors
Condition
A testicular tumor is a growth on the testicles.
Toileting Issues
Condition
Toileting difficulties include inability/refusal to toilet train, constipation, encopresis, daytime wetting, and bedwetting.
Torsion of the Appendix Testis
Condition
Torsion of the appendix testis is a twisting of a vestigial appendage that is located along the testicle.
Undescended Testicles (Cryptorchidism)
Condition
Undescended testicles is when one or both of a baby's testicles (testes) have not moved into the proper position. One to 2 percent of male infants are affected.
Ureteral Surgery
Treatment
Ureteral surgery is performed to correct problems that cause urine to get backed up in the ureter and sometimes flow backward.
Ureterocele
Condition
Ureteroceles are birth defects that occur in approximately 1 out of every 2,000 babies.
Ureteropelvic Junction (UPJ) Obstruction
Condition
A UPJ obstruction occurs when a blockage between your child’s kidney and ureter impedes the flow of urine.
Urinary Retention and Straining
Condition
Urinary retention is the inability to fully empty the bladder for longer than 12 hours.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Children and Babies
Condition
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection in the urinary tract that can cause discomfort and complications in your child.
Learn more about Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Children and Babies
Urodynamics Testing
Treatment
The urodynamics study is a test used to assess how well your child's bladder and urethral sphincter are doing their jobs of collecting, holding, and releasing urine.
Urologic Tumors
Condition
Urologic tumors are tumors that occur in a child's urinary tract.
Varicocele
Condition
A varicocele is mass of enlarged and swollen veins in the testicle that essentially feels like a bag of worms. The condition usually develops at puberty, but can occur earlier and is generally neither harmful nor painful.
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)
Condition
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the result of abnormal formation of the normal valve between the kidney and bladder.
Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG)
Treatment
A voiding cystourethrogram is a special x-ray to visualize your child's urinary tract and bladder.
Voiding Dysfunction
Condition
Voiding dysfunction means that your child is unable to completely empty her bladder.
Voiding Improvement
Treatment
Voiding improvement aims to assist children who have not achieved full continence, for a number of reasons.