Related Conditions and Treatments
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (DiGeorge Syndrome)
Condition
22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a genetic condition that causes a combination of medical problems. These problems may include heart defects, cleft palate, speech or feeding problems, difficulty fighting infections, low calcium levels, kidney problems, learning or behavioral issues, and facial differences.
Learn more about 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (DiGeorge Syndrome)
AC Joint Injuries
Condition
AC joint injuries are common sources of shoulder pain caused by fracture, displacement, or arthritis.
Abdominal Pain in Children
Condition
Abdominal pain is discomfort or pain located anywhere between the chest and the pelvis.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
Condition
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) involves a brief but intense attack of inflammation (swelling) in the brain and spinal cord that damages the brain's myelin.
Learn more about Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
Acute Flaccid Myelitis
Condition
Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a neurologic condition that can cause muscle weakness and possible paralysis.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Condition
In the form of leukemia known as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a group of white blood cells called lymphocytes is affected.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Condition
Acute myeloid leukemia, or AML, is a quickly progressing type of blood cancer.
Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy (ANE)
Condition
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare but serious condition that causes brain damage following a viral infection, most often influenza (the flu).
Acute Transverse Myelitis
Condition
Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) involves a brief, intense attack of swelling in the spinal cord that damages myelin.
Angelman Syndrome
Condition
Angelman syndrome is a complex genetic disorder that causes developmental and neurological problems.
Ankle Sprain
Condition
An ankle sprain is a stretch injury of the ligaments that support the ankle.
Anorectal Malformation
Condition
Anorectal malformations are birth defects in which the anus and rectum don’t develop properly.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury
Condition
An ACL injury occurs when the anterior cruciate ligament tears, often as a result of cutting and pivoting during sports.
Aplastic Anemia
Condition
Aplastic anemia occurs when the bone marrow produces too few cells.
Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Children
Condition
An arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) is an injury to the brain or spinal cord caused by a lack of oxygen to the area affected.
Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs)
Condition
An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a tangle of arteries and veins in the brain that disrupt the normal flow of blood.
Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs)
Condition
Learn more about Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) symptoms and treatments. AVM tissues removed after treatment are being studied by our researchers.
Arthrogryposis
Condition
Arthrogryposis is a term used to describe conditions characterized by stiff joints and abnormally developed muscles.
Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Condition
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental issue where people have trouble paying attention and controlling impulses.
Learn more about Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor (ATRT)
Condition
An atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a very rare, aggressive tumor of the central nervous system.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Condition
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects the way your child develops and behaves.
Avulsion Fracture
Condition
Avulsion fractures happen when a bone fragment separates from the rest of the bone.
Birth Defects and Congenital Anomalies
Condition
A birth defect is a health problem or a physical abnormality.
Bladder Exstrophy
Condition
Bladder exstrophy is a rare birth defect involving the urinary, reproductive, and intestinal tracts, as well as the musculoskeletal system.
Bone Tumors and Bone Cysts
Condition
Bone tumors and bone cysts are types of abnormal growth within a bone. Most are benign (noncancerous).
Bowlegs
Condition
Bowlegs (genu varum) is a condition in which a child’s legs curve outward at the knees.
Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
Condition
Brachial plexus birth injury is an injury to the brachial plexus nerves that occurs during childbirth.
Brain Aneurysms
Condition
A brain aneurysm is a weak point in a blood vessel within the brain.
Brain Cavernous Malformations
Condition
Learn how Cavernous malformation, a small mass consisting of an abnormally expanded thin-walled blood vessel, is treated at Boston Children Hospital.
Brain Tumors
Condition
Childhood brain tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), but both types can be life-threatening.
Broken Ankle
Condition
A broken ankle typically involves one or both of the long bones of the leg, the tibia and the fibula.
Broken Femur (Thighbone)
Condition
A broken femur is a fracture of the thighbone.
Broken Leg
Condition
A broken leg is a break or crack of one long bones of the leg.
Broken Tibia-Fibula (Shinbone/Calf Bone)
Condition
A broken tibia-fibula is a fracture of one or both of the long bones in the lower leg.
Burkitt Lymphoma
Condition
Burkitt lymphoma (aka small noncleaved cell lymphoma) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a cancer in the lymphatic system.
Bursitis
Condition
Bursitis happens when one or more bursae become irritated and swollen, usually through overuse or injury.
CDKL5 Disorder
Condition
CDKL5 disorder is a rare neurodevelopmental condition that is characterized by early onset epilepsy, low muscle tone, and developmental challenges.
COVID-19 (Coronavirus) in Children & Teens
Condition
COVID-19 affects children and families in many different ways.
Cancer
Condition
Childhood cancer is not a single disease type, but an umbrella group of diseases that include blood cancers, brain tumors, and other solid tumors of the organs, bones, or soft tissues.
Cardiomyopathy in Children
Condition
Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle characterized by an abnormally large, thick or stiff heart muscle.
Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Condition
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that affect muscle tone, posture, and movement as a result of damage to the brain of an infant.
Chest Wall Deformities
Condition
Chest wall deformities are structural irregularities in which a child’s chest is either sunken or protruding.
Chiari Malformation
Condition
Chiari malformation is an abnormality in the back of the head where the brain and spinal cord meet.
Childhood Obesity
Condition
Obesity occurs when a child is significantly over the ideal weight for her height.
Chronic Fatigue
Condition
Chronic fatigue syndrome is a serious, long-term illness that affects many body systems.
Chronic Lung Disease of Prematurity
Condition
Chronic lung disease of prematurity is a long-term respiratory problem faced by babies born prematurely.
Clavicle Fracture
Condition
A clavicle fracture is a break in the bone that connects the breastbone to the shoulder blade.
Cleft Foot
Condition
Cleft foot occurs when the foot didn’t develop properly during fetal development.
Cloacal Anomalies
Condition
A cloacal anomaly is an anorectal malformation that occurs while a female fetus is developing in its mother's womb.
Cloacal Exstrophy
Condition
Cloacal exstrophy, also known as OEIS syndrome, occurs when a portion of the large intestine lies outside of the body.
Clubfoot
Condition
Clubfoot is a congenital foot deformity in which the foot turns down and inward.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in Children
Condition
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a condition associated with persistent pain in one or more limbs.
Concussions
Condition
A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury caused by a rapid acceleration of the brain.
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH)
Condition
A congenital diaphragmatic hernia is when there’s a hole in the diaphragm — a thin layer of muscle and tissue that separates the chest and abdominal cavity.
Congenital Heart Defects
Condition
A congenital heart defect is a structural problem of the heart that develops during pregnancy.
Congenital Limb Differences
Condition
Congenital limb differences occur when a baby’s arm or leg does not form properly during pregnancy.
Congenital Scoliosis
Condition
Congenital scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine that babies are born with.
Constipation
Condition
Constipation is when a child has infrequent bowel movement or bowel movements that are difficult to pass.
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome
Condition
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetic condition that affects development and growth.
Craniofacial Anomalies
Condition
Craniofacial anomalies are deformities that affect a child’s head and facial bones.
Craniosynostosis
Condition
Craniosynostosis is a condition in which the fibrous connections grow together (fuse) too early.
Cystic Fibrosis
Condition
Cystic fibrosis, a genetic disease, involves multiple parts of the body, including the lungs and digestive system.
Daytime Wetting (Enuresis)
Condition
Enuresis is the medical term for involuntary urination, or “wetting.”
Developmental Disabilities
Condition
Developmental delays refer to when developmental skills are at a lower level than expected for a child’s age, such as language, motor, cognition, or play.
Dislocated Kneecap
Condition
A dislocated knee, also known as a dislocated patella, occurs when the kneecap pops out from its normal position.
Dislocations
Condition
A dislocation happens when extreme force is put on a ligament and the ends of two connected bones separate.
Down Syndrome
Condition
Down syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by developmental delays and learning disability.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Condition
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common and most severe type of muscular dystrophy.
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)
Condition
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of disorders that affect a person's connective tissue.
Encephalitis
Condition
Encephalitis means that the brain tissues have become inflamed. When brain tissues are inflamed, they don’t work properly.
Encephaloceles
Condition
An encephalocele is a rare birth defect in which the tissue covering the brain, and a portion of the brain itself, protrude through openings in the skull.
Encopresis
Condition
Encopresis is a problem that won’t go away on its own, but is relatively easy to treat.
Epilepsy in Children
Condition
Epilepsy is a complex condition that makes a child susceptible to seizures.
Epispadias
Condition
Epispadias occurs when the urethra (the tube through which a child urinates) fails to close normally.
Ewing Sarcoma
Condition
Ewing sarcoma is a kind of cancer that grows in bones or soft tissues.
Facial Nerve Paralysis
Condition
Facial nerve paralysis happens when a child cannot move muscles that control smiling and blinking, among other facial movements.
Fecal Incontinence
Condition
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control bowel movements.
Femoral Anteversion
Condition
Femoral anteversion is an inward twisting of the thigh bone (femur).
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Condition
Fetal alcohol syndrome is a group of abnormalities that occur in babies born to mothers who consume alcohol during pregnancy.
Flexible Flatfoot
Condition
Flexible flatfoot is a common childhood condition in which a child has very little or no arch in their feet.
Fractures
Condition
A fracture is a break in the bone that occurs when more force is applied to the bone than the bone can withstand.
Fragile X Syndrome
Condition
Fragile X syndrome is a genetic condition that can cause a range of learning and developmental problems.
Functional Abdominal Pain in Children
Condition
Functional abdominal pain is persistent stomach pain that does not resolve with usual treatment.
Genetic Disorders
Condition
Genetic disorders include certain types of birth defects, chronic diseases, developmental problems, and sensory deficits that are inherited from one or both parents.
Growth Plate Fractures
Condition
A growth plate fracture is a fracture that intersects the area of soft cartilage where bone growth takes place.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Condition
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) occurs when the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system.
Head or Brain Injury
Condition
Head injury is a broad term that describes many different types of conditions — ranging from bumps and bruises to concussions, skull fractures, and serious brain injuries.
Headaches
Condition
Secondary headaches are caused by another medical condition. Primary headaches are most often migraine and tension-type headaches.
Heart Failure
Condition
Heart failure in children occurs when a child’s heart is not working as well as it should.
Hemophilia
Condition
Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder that slows the body’s ability for form blood clots.
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Condition
A hemorrhagic stroke is the result of bleeding in the brain.
Hip Dysplasia
Condition
Hip dysplasia occurs when the hip joint has not developed properly and the socket (acetabulum) is too shallow.
Hip Fracture
Condition
A hip fracture is a partial or complete break in any of the three bones of the pelvis that make up the hip.
Hip Impingement
Condition
Hip impingement is a common cause of hip pain caused by abnormal bone development in the hip joint.
Hip Labral Tear
Condition
A hip labral tear is a tear in the rubbery tissue that normally cushions and supports the edge of the hip joint.
Hip Pain
Condition
Hip pain in teens and young adults is often a sign of an underlying problem.
Hirschsprung's Disease
Condition
Hirschsprung's disease occurs when intestinal nerve cells don’t develop properly.
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Condition
Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of cancer that causes cells in the lymphatic system to abnormally reproduce.
Hydrocephalus
Condition
Hydrocephalus is extra fluid in or around the brain.
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)
Condition
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a spectrum of heart diseases in which the left-heart structures are underdeveloped.
Idiopathic Scoliosis
Condition
Idiopathic scoliosis is one of three different types of scoliosis that causes a lateral curvature of the spine.
Iliotibial Band Syndrome
Condition
Iliotibial band syndrome is a common cause of knee and hip pain.
Infantile Scoliosis
Condition
Infantile scoliosis is an abnormal sideways curve of the spine that affects infants and toddlers.
Infantile Spasms
Condition
Infantile spasms, sometimes called West syndrome, are a type of seizure that occurs in babies.
Interstitial Lung Disease
Condition
Interstitial lung disease is a group of rare lung diseases that can make it difficult to breathe.
Intestinal or Multivisceral Transplant
Condition
A multivisceral transplant is one in which the intestines are replaced, along with the liver and/or spleen, and sometimes the stomach.
Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)
Condition
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is bleeding inside or around the ventricles — spaces in the brain that contain the cerebral spinal fluid.
Juvenile Ankylosing Spondylitis
Condition
Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis affects the spine and the sites where the muscles, tendons, and ligaments attach to bone.
Juvenile Arthritis
Condition
Juvenile arthritis isn’t one condition, but is the general name for many types of arthritis that can occur in children.
Kabuki Syndrome
Condition
Kabuki syndrome is a rare congenital disorder.
Knock Knees
Condition
Knock knees (genu valgum) is a condition in which the knees tilt inward while the ankles remain spaced apart.
Krabbe Disease
Condition
Krabbe disease is when an abnormal accumulation of fat molecules affects the cells in the nervous system.
Kyphosis in Children
Condition
Kyphosis is an abnormal forward curve in the upper spine.
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
Condition
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (aka Perthes disease) happens when the ball-shaped head of the thighbone temporarily loses its blood supply.
Leukemia
Condition
Leukemia is a type of blood cancer. It develops in the bone marrow and is the most common form of cancer in children.
Limb Length Discrepancy
Condition
A limb-length discrepancy is when one leg or arm is shorter than the other leg or arm.
Little League Elbow
Condition
Little League elbow is an injury of the tendons, ligaments, or bones of a young athlete’s elbow.
Little League Shoulder
Condition
Little League shoulder happens when an athlete throws too often or repeatedly throws the wrong way and hurts his shoulder.
Lordosis
Condition
Lordosis is an exaggerated curve of the spine that typically affects the lower back.
Meningitis
Condition
Meningitis is a bacterial or viral infection that causes three thin layers of tissue that surround the brain and the spinal cord to swell.
Microcephaly
Condition
In microcephaly, the brain develops abnormally, causing the head to be much smaller than expected for the child's age.
Morquio Syndrome
Condition
Morquio syndrome is a rare genetic condition that affects a child’s bones and spine, organs, and physical abilities.
Movement Disorders
Condition
Children with movement disorders have involuntary movements or trouble moving in the way they intend to.
Moyamoya Disease
Condition
Moyamoya is a rare condition in which the blood vessels (internal carotid arteries) that supply blood to the brain become narrowed.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Condition
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is when the body's immune system reacts against the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)
Condition
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), also called pediatric multi-system inflammatory syndrome temporally related to SARS CoV-2 (PMIS or PIMS-TS), is a potentially serious illness in children that appears to be a delayed, post-infectious complication of COVID-19 infection.
Learn more about Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)
Muscle Weakness (Hypotonia)
Condition
Hypotonia is decreased muscle tone.
Muscular Dystrophy (MD)
Condition
Muscular dystrophy is a general name for a group of rare diseases that cause muscle weakness. It is caused by mutations in certain genes.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Condition
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious intestinal illness in babies that results in the death of intestinal tissues.
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)
Condition
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a term for a group of problems a baby experiences when withdrawing from exposure to narcotics.
Neonatal Stroke
Condition
Neonatal stroke is stroke in newborns between birth and 28 days.
Nervous System Disorders
Condition
Nervous system disorders can involve a range of conditions that may be chronic or may be triggered by secondary factors.
Neuroblastoma
Condition
Neuroblastoma is a cancerous tumor that begins in nerve tissue of young children.
Neurofibromatosis
Condition
Neurofibromatosis 1 is a genetic condition that causes symptoms including tumors (called neurofibromas) formed from nerve tissue.
Neurofibromatosis Type 2
Condition
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a genetic disorder that causes slow-growing tumors to develop on the eighth cranial nerve.
Neurogenic Bladder
Condition
Neurogenic bladder is a urinary tract dysfunction in which the bladder doesn’t empty, properly due to a neurological condition or spinal cord injury.
Neuromuscular Scoliosis
Condition
Neuromuscular scoliosis is one of three main types of scoliosis that cause an irregular curvature of the spine.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Condition
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) all start in lymph tissue and share some similarities in how the cells look under a microscope.
Noonan Syndrome
Condition
Noonan syndrome is a genetic condition that can affect many different areas of the body and development.
Omphalocele
Condition
An omphalocele is a congenital abnormality in which some of the abdominal organs of an infant protrude through an opening in the muscles near the umbilical cord.
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
Condition
Osgood-Schlatter disease is an overuse condition or knee injury that causes a painful bump and swelling on the shinbone.
Osteoblastoma
Condition
Osteoblastoma is a benign, bone-forming tumor that’s most often found in the lower vertebrae of the spine or long bones of the lower extremity.
Osteochondritis Dissecans
Condition
Osteochondritis dissecans is a joint disorder in which a segment of bone and cartilage starts to separate from the rest of the bone.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Condition
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is characterized by fragile bones that break easily without a specific cause.
Osteomyelitis
Condition
Osteomyelitis is the term for a bone infection.
Osteosarcoma
Condition
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer among children, adolescents, and young adults.
Overactive Bladder (OAB)
Condition
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a voiding dysfunction that results in the urge to urinate frequently and urgently.
Overuse Injuries
Condition
Overuse injuries are sports-related microtraumas that result from repetitively using the same parts of the body.
PICU Up!™
Treatment
PICU Up!™ is an early mobility program that aims to improve the health and well-being of children in intensive care.
Patellar Instability
Condition
Patellar instability (kneecap dislocation) happens when the kneecap slides out of place.
Patellofemoral Pain
Condition
Patellofemoral pain is pain around the front of the knee.
Pectus Excavatum
Condition
Pectus excavatum, also known as concave chest or funnel chest, is a deformity of the chest wall.
Pediatric Fibromyalgia and Musculoskeletal Pain
Condition
Fibromyalgia is when pain is being set off by things that feel painless to most people — getting a friendly pat on the back, for instance.
Learn more about Pediatric Fibromyalgia and Musculoskeletal Pain
Pediatric and Childhood Cancers
Condition
While childhood cancer is a potentially life-threatening condition requiring intensive treatment, the majority of pediatric cancers are treatable.
Pelvic Pain
Condition
Pelvic pain is defined as frequently experienced pain in the region below the belly button and between the hips.
Peripheral Nerve Injury
Condition
Peripheral nerve injuries interfere with signals between the brain and other parts of the body.
Periventricular Leukomalacia
Condition
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a type of brain injury most common in very premature babies.
Plantar Fasciitis
Condition
Plantar fasciitis is pain on the bottom of one or both heels, caused by irritation to the plantar fascia, which are the dense tissue bands that connect the heels to the toes.
Pompe Disease
Condition
Pompe disease is caused by a genetic mutation that causes a buildup of complex sugars in the body’s tissues.
Prematurity
Condition
A baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is considered premature. Slightly fewer than 12 percent of all babies are premature.
Pulmonary Hypertension
Condition
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is abnormally high blood pressure that occurs in the arteries of the lungs (the pulmonary arteries).
Rectal Prolapse in Children
Condition
Rectal prolapse occurs when the lining of a child's rectum protrudes through the anus and outside the body.
Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma
Condition
Relapsed neuroblastoma is when neuroblastoma returns in patients who have already undergone treatment for the disease. Refractory neuroblastoma is when the tumor does not respond to initial treatment.
Rett Syndrome
Condition
Rett syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes a loss of spoken language and motor skills, as well as behavioral and neurological problems.
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Condition
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a cancerous tumor that grows in the body's soft tissues.
Sanfilippo Syndrome
Condition
Sanfilippo syndrome (aka mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III)) is a rare, inherited disorder that's classified as a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD).
Scoliosis
Condition
Scoliosis is a condition in which the spine has an abnormal curve. A spine with scoliosis curves front to back but also curves sideways.
Sever's Disease
Condition
Sever’s disease occurs when the growth plate in the back of the heel becomes inflamed and painful.
Shin Splints
Condition
“Shin splints” is a catch-all term for tenderness and pain in the area of the shin bone (tibia).
Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS)
Condition
Short bowel syndrome, or "short gut," is a condition caused by the loss of a functioning small intestine.
Shoulder Dislocation
Condition
A shoulder dislocation happens when the ball at the top of the arm bone separates from the shoulder socket.
Sickle Cell Disease
Condition
Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder where cells cluster together, making it difficult for them to move through small blood vessels, thus denying oxygen to the blood.
Skeletal Dysplasia
Condition
Skeletal dysplasia is a category of rare genetic disorders that cause abnormal development of a baby’s bones, joints, and cartilage.
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)
Condition
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is one of the most common developmental conditions of the hip joint.
Spina Bifida
Condition
Spina bifida occurs when the brain, spinal cord, or the membranes that cover them (meninges) do not completely develop.
Spinal Cord Injury
Condition
A spinal cord injury is any damage to the spinal cord that is caused by trauma, rather than a birth defect or medical condition.
Spinal Fracture
Condition
A spinal cord fracture is a break to the cervical, thoracic, and/or lumbar vertebrae.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
Condition
Spinal muscular atrophy is when muscles throughout the body are weakened because nerve cells in the spinal cord and brainstem do not work properly.
Spine Problems
Condition
Spine problems develop when normal spinal curves grow too large, or the spine curves in the wrong way, or when the vertebrae are not strong enough to support the spine, or injuries that compromise the structure of the spine.
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
Condition
Spondylolysis is a stress fracture in the lower back. If left untreated, it can progress to spondylolisthesis, where vertebra, weakened by fracture, slips out of alignment with the rest of the spine.
Sprains and Strains
Condition
Sprains are ligament injuries resulting from wrenching or twisting a joint. Strains are injuries to a muscle or tendon.
Stress Fractures
Condition
A stress fracture is a tiny crack that forms in the bone, usually as a result of overuse or repetitive, stress-bearing motions.
Stroke in Children
Condition
Stroke is a general term that is used to describe an injury to the brain caused by either bleeding (referred to as hemorrhagic stroke) or a lack of oxygen due to vessel obstruction (referred to as ischemic stroke).
Subtalar Extra-articular Screw Arthroereisis (SESA)
Treatment
Subtalar extra-articular screw arthroereisis (SESA) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for flexible flatfoot being investigated at Boston Children’s.
Learn more about Subtalar Extra-articular Screw Arthroereisis (SESA)
Tarsal Coalition
Condition
A tarsal coalition is an abnormal connection between two or more of the tarsal bones.
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction (TMD)
Condition
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) is when the temporomandibular joint is overexerted.
Tennis Elbow
Condition
Tennis elbow is an injury to the tendons attaching the forearm muscles to the outer part of the elbow.
Tethered Spinal Cord
Condition
A tethered spinal cord occurs when the spinal cord is attached to tissue around the spine, most commonly at the base.
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
Condition
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a serious congenital heart defect where the heart’s anatomy prevents enough oxygen-poor (blue) blood from flowing to the lungs to receive oxygen.
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)
Condition
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is the compression of nerves and blood vessels in the upper chest that travel to the arms through the thoracic outlet.
Tibial Torsion
Condition
Tibial torsion is the twisting of a child’s shinbone (tibia).
Toileting Issues
Condition
Toileting difficulties include inability/refusal to toilet train, constipation, encopresis, daytime wetting, and bedwetting.
Torn Meniscus
Condition
A torn meniscus can happen during any activity in which the knee is compressed or forcefully twisted or rotated.
Torticollis
Condition
Torticollis, or wryneck, is a twisted neck. It’s relatively common in children.
Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Condition
A tracheoesophageal fistula is when there is an abnormal connection between the esophagus and the trachea.
Trisomies and Monosomies
Condition
A trisomy and a monosomy are types of numerical chromosome abnormalities that can cause certain birth defects.
Urinary Retention and Straining
Condition
Urinary retention is the inability to fully empty the bladder for longer than 12 hours.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Children and Babies
Condition
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection in the urinary tract that can cause discomfort and complications in your child.
Learn more about Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Children and Babies
Vascular Malformations, Tumors, and Hemangiomas
Condition
Vascular malformations are benign (non-cancerous) lesions that are present at birth, but may not become visible until weeks or months later.
Learn more about Vascular Malformations, Tumors, and Hemangiomas
Voiding Dysfunction
Condition
Voiding dysfunction means that your child is unable to completely empty her bladder.
Walking (Gait) Abnormalities
Condition
A gait abnormality is an unusual walking pattern.
Williams Syndrome
Condition
Williams syndrome is a rare developmental disorder that can affect many parts of the body, including the heart and blood vessels.